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Methodology & sources

WeatherSignal follows one architecture principle: fetch once, normalize, cache, serve everyone. Your browser never calls a third-party weather or status API directly.

Data pipeline

EXTERNAL SOURCE
   -> WeatherSignal fetch worker (scheduled, server-side)
   -> provider adapter (normalize to one schema)
   -> store current snapshot + history
   -> cache
   -> public website and API

Every metric on the site shows two timestamps: when the source produced the data and when WeatherSignal last confirmed it. Past a per-source threshold the metric is labelled DATA DELAYED rather than shown as current, and an unreachable source is reported as unavailable — never silently substituted.

Sources, intervals, and rights

External data sources used by WeatherSignal
SourceUsed forPoll intervalStale afterCommercial-use status
NOAA / National Weather ServiceOfficial alerts (US)60 s5 minUS Government public domain — commercial use permitted
NOAA National Hurricane CenterTropical storm tracks5 min60 minUS Government public domain
Open-MeteoForecast, current conditions5 min per hot location60 minFree tier is non-commercial — a paid plan is required before commercial launch
Open-Meteo Air QualityAQI and pollutants15 min60 minSame licensing as Open-Meteo
Open-Meteo GeocodingLocation searchon demand, cached 24 hn/aAttribution required
RainViewerRadar tiles2 min index15 minFree tier non-commercial — commercial plan required before launch
OpenStreetMapBase map tileson demandn/aODbL, attribution required; tile usage policy applies — self-hosted or paid tiles at scale
Provider status pages (Statuspage-compatible)Service incidents3 min15 minPublic status feeds, attribution and link back
WeatherSignal reachability probesDNS, CDN, and cloud network conditions60 s2 minOwn measurements against public endpoints, fair-use request rates

Alert priority score (0–100)

Normalized level (Emergency 45 / Warning 35 / Watch 22 / Advisory 14 / Informational 6) plus official severity (Extreme 25 / Severe 18 / Moderate 10 / Minor 4), urgency (Immediate 20 / Expected 13 / Future 6 / Past 1), and certainty (Observed 10 / Likely 7 / Possible 4 / Unlikely 1), with a small adjustment for time remaining before expiry. The original official classification is always displayed next to it and is never modified.

Provider severity score (0–100)

Base value from the provider's own indicator (none 0 / maintenance 12 / minor 35 / major 65 / critical 88), plus up to 8 points for affected components, up to 6 for concurrent incidents, and up to 6 for incident duration.

Internet Health score

Starts at 100. Each non-operational provider subtracts (severity ÷ 100) × 30 × a category weight (cloud 1.0, payments 0.9, everything else 0.7). Elevated network congestion subtracts 3, high congestion 6, and an unreachable RPC endpoint 4. Bands: 95+ stable, 85+ minor issues, 70+ degraded, 50+ widespread issues, below 50 critical.

Global Conditions index

An informational index — not an official safety rating and not a measure of the whole planet. It starts at 100 and subtracts 3 points per active emergency-level alert, 0.5 per warning, 0.2 per watch, and 0.05 per advisory, each capped at 35 points. Coverage is currently the United States only, because that is where WeatherSignal has licensed official alert data.

Today's Weather Score (0–100)

A WeatherSignal calculation, not a source value. It starts at 100 and subtracts fixed penalties from the current and next-12-hour forecast: feels-like temperature (35 at 100°F+, 20 at 92°F+, 8 at 85°F+, 32 at 15°F or below, 18 at 32°F or below, 8 at 45°F or below), rain chance (22 at 80%+, 12 at 50%+, 5 at 30%+), wind (18 at 30 mph+, 9 at 20 mph+, 4 at 14 mph+), UV index (10 at 10+, 6 at 8+), and dew point (10 at 70°F+, 5 at 65°F+). Bands: 85+ excellent, 70+ good, 50+ mixed, 30+ rough, below 30 stay in. Every panel lists the exact inputs that moved the number.

Signal Insights checks

Each check is deterministic — the same forecast always produces the same answer, and no language model is involved. Thresholds:

  • Umbrella or nah? — flags the next hours where rain chance reaches 40%; “bring it” once the peak passes 70%.
  • Car wash check — bad if any hour in the window has a 50%+ rain chance or 0.02 in+ of precipitation; caution if wind reaches 22 mph (dust).
  • Best time today — ranks remaining daylight hours by the same penalty model used for the daily score.
  • Dog walk window — daylight hours between 25°F and 85°F with rain chance under 40%.
  • Cookout check — evening hours (4–9 p.m.); bad at 50%+ rain or 25 mph wind, caution at 30%+ rain, 18 mph wind, or below 50°F.
  • Hair weather — frizz risk at 75%+ humidity or a 68°F+ dew point; borderline at 60% / 60°F.
  • Windows down? — yes between 58°F and 84°F with rain chance under 20% and wind under 18 mph.

When an input is missing for a location, the check reports “unknown” and says which reading is unavailable — it never guesses.

What WeatherSignal never claims

  • Guaranteed forecast accuracy, alert delivery, outage detection, or safety.
  • That severe weather will definitely occur, or that a storm will follow a specific path.
  • That a provider is down without evidence from that provider's official source.
  • That weather caused an outage, or an outage caused another outage, without a supporting source.
  • Medical, financial, or investment advice.

WeatherSignal always distinguishes observed conditions, forecast conditions, official warnings, and WeatherSignal-generated summaries. Summaries are produced from structured data with fixed rules, never invented.

WeatherSignal is free for everyone — every page, every location, no accounts and no paywalls. Donations cover the servers and data bandwidth. Give whatever amount you want.

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